5G Operational Experimentation: Defence and Innovation in the Era of Dual-Use Technologies

Session description

The session will explain how advanced 5G tactical capabilities are transforming multi-domain military operations through real-world experimentation and deployment. In collaboration with representatives from the defence sector, relevant reference cases will be presented and discussed.

In 2025, Telefónica supported the Army, the Air Force, the Navy and NATO in developing various operational (OPEX) experimentation exercises through its multi‑domain 5G tactical bubble solution. This technology enabled previously unthinkable achievements, such as deploying a 5G bubble on an aircraft in flight, capable of connecting fighter jets, ground vehicles and other mobile and fixed tactical bubbles on the ground. It also made possible the first-ever deployment of a tactical bubble within a permanent NATO naval group.

Another milestone was the use of underwater drones connected via 5G to the aircraft carrier Juan Carlos I, operating in the Eastern Mediterranean, allowing their control to be transferred to Spain in real time. In addition, a hybrid simulation environment was created by integrating real and simulated assets, enabling simultaneous, real-time training exercises with both types of elements.

Finally, Telefónica provided 5G solutions and services that enabled the first national joint exercise based on 5G communications, deploying federated tactical bubbles interconnected through government satellite backhauling aboard naval vessels, on the coast and at the Retamares Headquarters.